Part 1&2: Beatniks

Beatniks:
“The beatniks started in the 1940s in San Francisco among existentialist intellectuals and artists. It represented a philosophy of anti-materialism and was a direct inspiration for the hippies’ movement.” [1] “According to the media, you could tell a beatnik because beatniks wore berets and dark glasses and goatees and snapped their fingers a lot.” [2]

First image above is undated and shows a group of Beatniks.
Second image: Marc by Marc Jacob's Fall 2008 RTW collection was infused with somber colors, berets, sunglasses and otherwise Beatnik influenced looks.
Third image: DSquared2's Fall 2009 RTW collection provided this beatnik inspired look featuring a beret style hat, sunglasses and relaxed look.
[1] http://discussion.academyart.edu/sectionContent/54-23431/27080/session_05.html
[2] http://ponderingpig.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/the-terrible-truth-about-beatniks/